this is why it helkps me and alot of nerolgical disorders

[dennis lillico]

Neurology. 2002 Oct 22;59(:1187-96. Related Articles, Links


Comment in:
Neurology. 2002 Oct 22;59(:1130-1.

Phenotypic features of myoclonus-dystonia in three kindreds.

Doheny DO, Brin MF, Morrison CE, Smith CJ, Walker RH, Abbasi S, Muller B, Garrels J, Liu L, De Carvalho Aguiar P, Schilling K, Kramer P, De Leon D, Raymond D, Saunders-Pullman R, Klein C, Bressman SB, Schmand B, Tijssen MA, Ozelius LJ, Silverman JM.

Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Annenberg 14-51A, Box 1052, New York, NY 10029, USA. Dana.Doheny@mssm.edu

BACKGROUND: Myoclonus-dystonia (M-D) is a movement disorder with involuntary jerks and dystonic contractions. Autosomal dominant alcohol-responsive M-D is associated with mutations in the epsilon-sarcoglycan gene (SGCE) (six families) and with a missense change in the D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2)gene (one family). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical phenotype associated with M-D including motor symptoms, psychiatric disorders, and neuropsychological deficits. METHODS: Fifty individuals in three M-D families were evaluated and a standardized neurologic examination and DNA analysis were performed. Psychiatric profiles were established with the Diagnostic Interviews for Genetic Studies (DIGS) and the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS). Cognition was evaluated with standardized neuropsychological tests. RESULTS: Distinct truncating mutations in the SGCE gene were identified in each family. Additionally, a missense alteration in the DRD2 gene was previously found in one family. Motor expression was variable, with onset of myoclonus or dystonia or both affecting the upper body and progression to myoclonus and dystonia in most cases. Psychiatric profiles revealed depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, substance abuse, anxiety/panic/phobic disorders, and psychosis in two families, and depression only in the third family. Averaged scores from cognitive testing showed impaired verbal learning and memory in one family, impaired memory in the second family, and no cognitive deficits in the third family. CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive deficits may be associated with M-D. Psychiatric abnormalities correlate with the motor symptoms in affected individuals. Assessment of additional M-D families with known mutations is needed to determine whether these are characteristic phenotypic manifestations of M-D.






this is what helps me


E-MOVE Research News
Subject: Cannabinoid receptors modulate D2 receptor effects

Date: 7/20/1999

1. Dopamine activation of endogenous cannabinoid signaling in dorsal striatum
A Guiffrida, LH Parsons, TM Kerr, F Rodriguez de Fonseca, M Navarro, D Piomelli
Nature Neurosci 1999;2:358-363

Anandamide acts in the striatum to counter dopamine-induced motor activity, according to this report. Anandamide is an endogenous ligand for cannabinoid receptors, whose density is especially high in the striatum.

Anandamide levels in the striatum of freely moving rats were measured by microdialysis and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry following a variety of manipulations. Results indicated:

--Depolarization of striatum with KCl induced release of anadamide, but not several other cannabinoids. This effect was blocked by both sodium channel blockade and calcium depletion.
--Administration of the D2 agonist quinpirole resulted in an eightfold increase in anandamide release, while the D1 agonist SKF38393 caused no change in anandamide levels. Preadministration of the D2 antagonist raclopride blocked the effect of quinpirole.
--The early, motor-suppression phase of quinpirole's action was not affected by preadministration of the cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR141716A . However, the late, motor-activation phase was markedly potentiated, suggesting the normal function of cannabinoid receptors includes inhibition of D2-induced motor activity.

The authors conclude, "The results of these...experiments indicate that dopamine acting at D2-like receptors stimulates anandamide release in the dorsal striatum," and the endocannabinoid system "may act as an inhibitory feedback system countering dopamine-induced facilitation of motor activity."

An editorial by David Self accompanies the report.
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i have famialial autosomal domiant myoclonic dystonia
cannabis helps em with 90 percentof my symtomes