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Ferre
Cannabis Sacrament Minister.
Joined: 14 Apr 2003
Posts: 7295
Location: Amsterdam
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 Posted: Sat Aug 29, 2009 3:02 pm Post subject: Common Genes Tied To Alcohol, Nicotine, Cocaine Addictions |
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http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/03/090310142912.htm
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For decades, finding clues to substance addiction has been much like searching for a needle in a haystack. But researchers may finally be honing in on specific genes tied to all types of addictions - and finding that some of the same genes associated with alcohol dependence are also closely linked with addictions to nicotine, cocaine, opoids, heroin and other substances.
In a new landmark paper to be published in the April 2009 issue of Nature Reviews Genetics, addiction experts at the University of Virginia Health System and the University of Michigan present new insights into the significant progress made within the last several years in understanding the genetics of addiction.
"Addiction researchers have found that several genes are linked with multiple addictions," says co-author Ming Li, Ph.D., professor of psychiatry and neurobehavioral sciences at the UVA School of Medicine. "So, we're narrowing the scope to specific genetic targets. Once researchers can pinpoint exact genetic variants and molecular mechanisms, then we can create much more effective, even personalized, treatments for individuals addicted to a variety of substances."
In the paper, which in part serves as a comprehensive guide to the existing body of addiction genetics research, Li and co-author Margit Burmeister, Ph.D., professor of psychiatry and human genetics at the University of Michigan, present a summary of specific genomic locations on 11 chromosomes where addictions to alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, heroin, nicotine and opoids are clustered together.
"The comparison of peaks for addictions to multiple substances on certain chromosomal locations confirms that genetic vulnerability to different substances overlaps, in part," Li says. He further points out that variants in several genes, including aldehyde dehydrogenases, GABRA2, ANKK1, and neurexins 1 and 3, have already been associated with addictions to multiple drugs.
In recommending a future direction for research into the genetics of addiction, Li suggests focusing on CHRNA5, CHRNA3 and CHRNB4 clusters, among other variants. "The exact nature of the gene variants and how they function are still unknown, so functional studies as well as studies using additional ethnic population samples may be quite revealing." |
So much for the 'stepping stone theory'. If anyone tries to tell you cannabis leads to addictions, show them this paper.
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David
Bard
Joined: 28 Sep 2003
Posts: 1261
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| Posted: Tue Sep 01, 2009 4:32 pm Post subject: |
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Surly that just strengthens the gateway theory, once you try one drug you will move on to another. Cannabis is classed as one of the softer of illegal drug, so one may start on cannabis and the move on to a harder one
The gateway theory has been long argued and once an individual claims he started on cannabis then moved on to cocaine then heroin it is hard not to see a pattern, but what led to the cannabis should be the main focus and the fact that for some cannabis can close the gate on other addictions.
The gene associated with addiction surly proves that one is not responsible for trying cannabis in the first place. I believe it starts with the 'Just say no' theory, if you never try it you will never miss it. But there again it is better to have loved, than to have not loved at all. I believe it is the same for homosexuality, we have all the potential to have sex with the same sex, but it is your choice as to whether you want it to or not. If a homosexual claims to not have a choice as to whether he is feminine or not then one does not have the choice of taking drugs or not.
This then leads to 'is an individual guilty of committing a crime when using cannabis'. He did have the choice of saying 'NO'.
If they can cure homosexuality, then they may cure addiction? |
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