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Ferre
Cannabis Sacrament Minister.
Joined: 14 Apr 2003
Posts: 7295
Location: Amsterdam
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 Posted: Sat Jun 27, 2009 11:58 am Post subject: Cannabinoids promote hippocampus neurogenesis |
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The American Society for Clinical Investigation; Cannabinoids promote embryonic and adult hippocampus neurogenesis
http://www.jci.org/articles/view/25509
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| The hippocampal dentate gyrus in the adult mammalian brain contains neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) capable of generating new neurons, i.e., neurogenesis. Most drugs of abuse examined to date decrease adult hippocampal neurogenesis, but the effects of cannabis (marijuana or cannabinoids) on hippocampal neurogenesis remain unknown. This study aimed at investigating the potential regulatory capacity of the potent synthetic cannabinoid HU210 on hippocampal neurogenesis and its possible correlation with behavioral change. We show that both embryonic and adult rat hippocampal NS/PCs are immunoreactive for CB1 cannabinoid receptors, indicating that cannabinoids could act on CB1 receptors to regulate neurogenesis. This hypothesis is supported by further findings that HU210 promotes proliferation, but not differentiation, of cultured embryonic hippocampal NS/PCs likely via a sequential activation of CB1 receptors, Gi/o proteins, and ERK signaling. Chronic, but not acute, HU210 treatment promoted neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of adult rats and exerted anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects. X-irradiation of the hippocampus blocked both the neurogenic and behavioral effects of chronic HU210 treatment, suggesting that chronic HU210 treatment produces anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects likely via promotion of hippocampal neurogenesis. |
In laymen's language; Cannabis promotes brain growth and works as an anti depressant. In other words, Cannabis has the potential to make you smarter and happier - now officially proven.
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viper
Cannabis Sacrament Minister
Joined: 19 Feb 2004
Posts: 572
Location: U.K.
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| Posted: Mon Jun 29, 2009 10:29 am Post subject: |
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That was a good find.
Proof of what has long been suspected.
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Never Trust A Hippie !
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benpadiah
Cannabis Sacrament Minister
Joined: 28 Sep 2007
Posts: 15
Location: Tallahassee, FLA
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| Posted: Tue Jul 28, 2009 11:59 am Post subject: |
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Firstly, a word about the Hippocampus.
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| It belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in long term memory and spatial navigation. Like the cerebral cortex, with which it is closely associated, it is a paired structure, with mirror-image halves in the left and right sides of the brain. In humans and other primates, the hippocampus is located inside the medial temporal lobe, beneath the cortical surface. |
- source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampus
To sum up, the hippocampus proceses information "holographically" (like the thalamus and other mid-brain structures of the cerebral cortex) by creating mirror-image "action-potentials" (ennegrams or tiny patterns of electrical activity that resemble the subject of perception). Hence, it relates to sense-perception of physical location, especially in "spatial navigation."
Also, the hippocampus stores these "action-potential" ennegram patterns in "cellular-memory" such that the more often any given "action-potential" occurs, the more engrained it is on the cellular structure, and the faster the electrical currents can "remember" the pattern. "Action potentials" relate to Freud's original concept of "Ego" as stored neural-energy that builds up to create an overload, which is measured as the "will-power" of a nervous-system.
| Quote: |
| X-irradiation of the hippocampus blocked both the neurogenic and behavioral effects of chronic HU210 treatment, suggesting that chronic HU210 treatment produces anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects likely via promotion of hippocampal neurogenesis. |
- source: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/25509
This sentence is the scariest from the above abstract. It states, implicitely, that "X-irradiation" (X-rays) will not only adversely effect hippocampus neurogenesis, but that it can also temporarily reverse the effect altogether. In short, X-rays will destroy the nerve-tissue, and the nerve-tissue will die. This process may be fatal, ultimately, however can be reversed through counter-balanced application of "HU210," a synthetic cannibinoid-receptor bond. So, in short, radiation will kill brain cells, but the herb can bring them back.
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| New neurons are continually born throughout adulthood in predominantly two regions of the brain: The subventricular zone (SVZ) lining the lateral ventricles, where the new cells migrate to the olfactory bulb via the rostral migratory stream; and the subgranular zone (SGZ), part of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. |
- source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurogenesis#Adult_neurogenesis
This is to say that it is not, currently, believed by modern laboratory scientists that any and every part of the brain can grow back if damaged. There was, until relatively recently (within the last 20 years), little or no evidence for any form of neural-cellular neurogenesis at all, let alone as a process that continues throughout the organism's entire life. The hippocampus' "adult neurogenesis" has thus been explained by the even more recent breakthrough discovery of stem-cells.
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| Neural stem cells (NSCs) are the self-renewing, multipotent cells that generate the main phenotypes of the nervous system.... It is hypothesized that neurogenesis in the adult brain originates from NSCs. The origin and identity of NSCs in the adult brain remain to be defined. |
- source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurogenesis#Adult_neural_stem_cells
So, not only has neuro-genesis only recently been discovered to occur, the explanation for how and why it occurs, that is, stem-cells inside the adult brain, are yet compleltely undiscovered. If we look at neurogenesis as it is: a modern, medical miracle, then we should consider stem-cells the cause of this miracle. Thus, we should devote as much time and energy as possible to solving the mystery of their potential beneficial use. Yet modern legislation has prohibited this research from occuring in this country. The implied, but un-stated, inference is that "stem-cells" cannot be synthesised in the lab, and that (falsely) they can thus only be harvested from an in utero foetus or from placental tissue. This would, if it were true, which it is not, imply that this cell's very discovery violates the santified right to life of an unborn child, which opens the political can of worms about abortion. Hence, this highly mis-understood and miraculously vast in scope field of medicine remains as of yet largely un-explored.
| Quote: |
| We show that both embryonic and adult rat hippocampal NS/PCs are immunoreactive for CB1 cannabinoid receptors, indicating that cannabinoids could act on CB1 receptors to regulate neurogenesis. |
- source: http://www.jci.org/articles/view/25509
This means, in short, that the "NS/CPs" (adult neural stem-cells) can be "regulated" (positively in this case) by the Cannibinoid CB1. So, not only does CB1 influence stem-cells, it does so in a way that encourages their growth. Aside from the most obvious implications, that THC can restore chemically "imbalanced" mental health through production of dopamine from the hippocampus, the less obvious implication from this research is that the herb itself can be applied to raw stem-cells and feed them to prommote their growth.
PEACE Unto Jah!
- Jon |
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Ferre
Cannabis Sacrament Minister.
Joined: 14 Apr 2003
Posts: 7295
Location: Amsterdam
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| Posted: Thu Jul 30, 2009 12:05 am Post subject: |
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Thanks for the excellent in-dept explanation brother Jon, and yes, I'm just as exited about the possibilities of stem cell applications as you are, humanity is on the brink of a new medical revolution.
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