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Ferre Cannabis Sacrament Minister.


Joined: 14 Apr 2003 Posts: 7295 Location: Amsterdam
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Posted: Sat Jul 08, 2006 11:44 am Post subject: Bringing the Gateway Theory Back |
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Bringing the Gateway Theory Back
Maia Szalavitz
STATS (Statistical Assessment Service) July 6, 2006
Nature hypes study on twelve rats
News @ Nature - the news affiliate of one of the most prestigious medical journals in the world, which tags itself as providing "the best in science journalism" - is not usually a source of drug war propaganda. But this week, in covering a new study on the effects of marijuana on the brain, it sure sounded like one.
The story was purportedly about research on rats which found that those given marijuana during the period roughly equivalent to human adolescence tended to take larger doses of heroin when given access to that drug later in life.
It's an interesting finding and could add to our knowledge of how exposure to one drug can affect responses to other drugs. But Nature covered the study of just 12 rats as though it gives important support to the long-discredited idea that marijuana acts as a "gateway" drug, causing users who start "just smoking pot" to rapidly turn into heroin injectors or cocaine smokers.
News @ Nature said:
" Neuroscientists have found that rats are more likely to get hooked on heroin if they have previously been given cannabis. The studies suggest a biological mechanism - at least in rats - for the much-publicized effect of cannabis as a 'gateway' to harder drugs."
But the article did not note that the problem with the "gateway theory" is that the vast majority of cannabis users never try harder drugs. While most illegal drug users start with the most widely available illegal drug - marijuana - most marijuana users start and stop with cannabis. Some 50 percent of high school students try marijuana before graduation, but just eight percent try cocaine, six percent try methamphetamine and less than one percent try heroin. This is why the Institute of Medicine, in a 1999 report on the use of marijuana as medicine, gave no credence to the gateway idea.
And while the article said that cannabis use might similarly predispose to amphetamine or cocaine use, it did not mention that the same authors had previously published a study finding no such effect with amphetamine.
Further, News @ Nature sure made both the researchers and the reporter covering the study sound far from disinterested and unbiased. The article quoted one of the study's authors as saying that policies softening the law on cannabis were "ridiculous" in light of the existing evidence, and closed with the following:
"The discovery also warns against complacency that cannabis does not have any lasting effect in young people who use the drug. 'Lots of mothers say 'oh well, at least it's not cocaine', [the researcher] says. But this is not about the short-term effects. For adults to do it is one thing, but we have to consider the effects on children."
Let's see: For the last 40 years or so we've run an uncontrolled experiment exposing at least half of America's teenagers to cannabis. Obviously, it would be better if teenagers didn't take the risk of exposing themselves to any psychoactive substances.
However, so far, no one has found any effects on mortality, there is no link with lung cancer, there are no deaths from overdosing, cognitive effects are minimal once the drug has worn off in all but the heaviest of users, and rates of use of cannabis and other drugs have waxed and waned over time. This scientist may believe her kids to be equally at risk when trying cannabis or cocaine - but she sure isn't basing this belief on data. This is an interesting, but preliminary, study which should be covered; but it shouldn't be covered without context.
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STATS (Statistical Assessment Service) is a resource on the use and abuse of science and statistics in the media.
http://www.stats.org/about.htm
http://www.stats.org/stories/bringing_gateway_jul06_06.htm
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Pepper Cannabis Sacrament Minister


Joined: 30 Oct 2003 Posts: 528 Location: Earth
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Posted: Sat Jul 08, 2006 1:01 pm Post subject: |
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This proves that rats like to get stoned. Early in life they are conditioned to hit a button to get stoned. Later they get heroin instead and that's proof?
Next they will connect the button to a bomb and claim cannabis leads to suicide bombing.  _________________ We will succeed unless we quit. |
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Officer Cannabis Sacrament Minister


Joined: 05 Nov 2004 Posts: 132 Location: Upstate New York
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Posted: Sat Jul 08, 2006 4:50 pm Post subject: |
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The first drug that could create a high that I was ever given was a prescription drug cited as being non-habit forming. Sounds like conclusive evidence to me that little white tablets are nothing mroe than a gateway to becoming a minister. _________________ The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and
worship, without discrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed
in this state to all humankind - NYS Bill of Rights |
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DdC Cannabis Sacrament Minister

Joined: 29 Dec 2003 Posts: 451 Location: Santa Cruz Cannafornia
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Posted: Sun Jul 16, 2006 3:56 am Post subject: Nothing Gateways from God's creations to human inventions... |
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One Soccer Mom's Take on the Drug War June 28, 2006
I figured she had something driving such reefer mad nonsense...
Karen Tandy has a malign tumour on her back and is admitted to hospital, where the doctors believe that it's a living creature, and that a foetus is being born inside the growth. What lays in wait for Karen is far more terrifying than she can possibly imagine: the growth is actually a demonic, 3-foot tall, 400-year-old Native American. A way must be found to exorcise the demon before it's too late.
Another Sucker Mom's Take On The DEAth War July 07, 2006
Marijuana is against the law because it's a dangerous, addictive drug.
This is a health issue. According to the American Lung Association, marijuana smoke contains 50 to 70 percent more cancer-causing material than cigarette smoke. A June United Nations report refers to cannabis use as a "pandemic," noting an increase in cannabis- related health damage. This might explain why more teens now enter treatment for marijuana dependency than for all other drugs combined, including alcohol.
A Drug Warmongers Toll on the Americas
Czar Waldo's Pimp Patrol
"Today's DEA arrest of Marc Scott Emery, publisher of Cannabis Culture Magazine, and the founder of a marijuana legalization group, is a significant blow not only to the marijuana trafficking trade in the U.S. and Canada, but also to the marijuana legalization movement. ... Hundreds of thousands of dollars of Emery's illicit profits are known to have been channeled to marijuana legalization groups active in the United States and Canada."[/b]
Tandy's office has declined to comment about the statement, but locally, federal prosecutors have distanced themselves from her remarks.
The Ganjawar Fraud...
How Marijuana Unavailability Leads to Use of Harder Drugs (1969)
"You're enough of a pro," Nixon tells Shafer, "to know that for you to come out with something that would run counter to what the Congress feels and what the country feels, and what we're planning to do, would make your commission just look bad as hell."
No Link Between Marijuana Use and Lung Cancer
Cannabidiol Dramatically Inhibits Breast Cancer
The Shafer Commission of 1970
Marijuana does not lead to physical dependency,
although some evidence indicates that the heavy,
long-term users may develop a psychological dependence on the drug"
Pot Potency? Boomers' blissfully unfazed by mere facts.
Dishonest Science meets Irresponsible Journalism
" The LaGardia sub-committee of New York 1944
The use of marijuana does not lead to morphine or heroin or cocaine addiction and no effort is made to create a market for these narcotics by stimulating the practice of marijuana smoking"
Organic aid for addictions
Organic aid for cocaine addiction, other addictions as well
The implementation of organic psychedelics, hallucinogens, entheogens...
whatever one chooses to call them, I prefer entheogens...
in personal practice is a natural method of understanding addiction and is more efficient than most conventional techniques. Study is furthered when practiced with one other individual, preferably well trained in psychology-this includes individuals usually considered shamans. We do not need the pharmaceutical solution offered at the end of the provided article. Salvia Divinorum, a potent entheogen, can be administered as a natural agent to aid in the recovery from cocaine addiction.
Information on Salvia and Dynorphin
Erowid: SALVIA
ibogaine's/Addiction Treatment Strives for Legitimacy
The Staten Island Project: The Ibogaine Story
Scientists Test Hallucinogens for Mental Ills
For Heroin Addicts, A Bizarre Remedy
Ayahuasca Tourism in South America
Ganja Could Help Cocaine Addicts Kick Habit
Cannabis anti-addictive
And I will raise up for them a plant of renown,
and they shall be no more consumed with hunger in the land,
neither bear the shame of the heathen any more.
Ezekiel 34:29
Ganja: The Tree of Life
Study Turns Pot Wisdom on Head
Forget the stereotype about dopey potheads.
It seems marijuana could be good for your brain. While other studies have shown that periodic use of marijuana can cause memory loss and impair learning and a host of other health problems down the road, new research suggests the drug could have some benefits when administered regularly in a highly potent form. Most "drugs of abuse" such as alcohol, heroin, cocaine and nicotine suppress growth of new brain cells. However, researchers found that cannabinoids promoted generation of new neurons in rats' hippocampuses.
Drugwar Lies Linked to Schizophrenia
Cannabis 'could reverse psychosis'
Dr. Heath/Tulane Study, 1974
The Hype: Brain Damage and Dead Monkeys
In 1974, California Governor Ronald Reagan was asked about decriminalizing marijuana. After producing the Heath/Tulane University study, the so-called "Great Communicator" proclaimed, "The most reliable scientific sources say permanent brain damage is one of the inevitable results of the use of marijuana."
(L.A. Times)
The Facts: Suffocation of Research Animals
The Myth of Potent Pot by Daniel Forbes
The White House drug czars ludicrous pot potency claim.
U.S. GOVT. COVERS UP MARIJUANA CANCER CURE!
Last year, Spanish scientists found evidence that marijuana can (destroy) tumors in rats. But that came as (no surprise) to US. health (officials), (who quickly (deep sixed) the report). (Drug-war-obsessed federal officials) (have known) about the (cancer-beating) properties of (pot) for (more than 25 years) and have kept it a (secret) from (the public)!
Cannabis Shrinks Tumors: Government Knew in 74
Drug Czar Manipulating Data in a Report to Congress
Marijuana Drug Czar Distorts Report
Maybe John Walters, unbeknown to us, has medical expertise beyond that of the world's leading physicians and researchers. Or maybe he's lying in a desperate attempt to save a collapsing policy.
Facts on the Drug Czar's Accounting Fraud
Anti-pot propaganda 14 Mar, 2005
US feds are addicted to making up fake anti-pot news.
What the WHO doesn't want you to know about cannabis
The report concludes, for example, that "in developed societies cannabis appears to play little role in injuries caused by violence, as does alcohol". It also says that while the evidence for fetal alcohol syndrome is "good", the evidence that cannabis can harm fetal development is "far from conclusive"
D.E.A. Confirms Grounds To Remove Cannabis from Sch#1
Police officials lied to toughen laws...
How The Canadian Media Import Counterfeit News From The States.
The Drug Czar Lies
... and Even The Best Papers Dont Check the Facts.
The New York Times Pushes Fact Free Journalism
This article was cited in the Canadian Parliament as proof that Canada cannot even decriminalize cannabis because of US opposition, causing costly cross-border delays. Lies have consequences, which is why people lie.
Bad research makes headlines
Marijuana-Based Drug Could Curb Brain Damage
Smoking Pot Doesn't Harm Brain Function - Study
Marijuana: Good for The Brain
Indian Hemp Drugs Commission, 1894
Addiction: A Brain Ailment, Not a Moral Lapse
Marijuana May Live Up To Be The Elixir of Life
A study by University of Saskatchewan researchers suggests beneficial aspects of smoking marijuana at least among rats, who appear to have sprouted new brain cells and besides benefiting from reduced depression and anxiety. The study's results appearing in the 'Journal of Clinical Investigation' have actually given a fillip to the traditional and mythological view that associates the addictive weed in some ways with immortality.
Only the Stoners Will Survive!
ISRAEL WIRE: Marijuana Substitute Combats Nerve Gas
The best available protection against nerve gas attack comes from an Israeli-made synthetic equivalent of marijuana, U.S. military experiments have shown.
Marijuana Protects Your Brain by Dana Larsen
Studies reveal that marijuana protects against brain damage from stroke,
heart attacks, and nerve gas.
Could Medical Marijuana Have Prevented Gulf War Syndrome?
Derivative Combats Nerve Gas, Say Israeli Reports
Israel To Soothe Trauma With Marijuana
Under an experimental programme, Delta-9 tetrohydrocannabinol (THC), the active ingredient found in the cannabis plant, will be administered to 15 soldiers over the next several months in an effort to fight post-traumatic stress disorder.
Medical Marijuana Information Links
Pot Shots for Israeli Soldiers
Study: Marijuana Eases Traumatic Memories
Pot Blocks Painful Memories, Study Says
Marijuana May Spur New Brain Cells
Marijuana Compound Spurs Brain Cell Growth
Marijuana may block Alzheimer's
Cannabis prevents brain damage
Science Daddies Rejoice: Marijuana Prevents Brain Damage!
Cannabis Blocks Irreversible Brain Damage
Cannabis May Prevent Brain Damage
National Institute of Mental Health Study, But Reported In British Media
Deaths in the United States in a typical year are as follows
* Tobacco kills about 400,000
* Alcohol kills about 80,000
* Workplace accidents kill 60,000
* Automobiles kill 40,000
* Cocaine kills about 2,500
* Heroin kills about 2,000
* Aspirin kills about 2,000
* Marijuana kills 0
There has never been a recorded death due to marijuana at any time in US history.
All illegal drugs combined kill under 20,000 per year, or a small percent of the number killed by alcohol and tobacco.
Tobacco kills more people each year than all of the people killed by all of the illegal drugs in the last one hundred years
The USA Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy 1987
"Cannabis can be used on an episodic but continual basis without evidence of social or psychic dysfunction. In many users the term dependence with its obvious connotations, probably is mis-applied...
The chief opposition to the drug rests on a moral and political, and not toxicologic, foundation".
The Economist March 28th 1992
"Medicines often produce side effects.
Sometimes they are physically unpleasant.
Cannabis too has discomforting side effects,
but these are not physical they are political"
Bush's War on Pot
It is enough that the people know there was an election.
The people who cast the votes decide nothing.
The people who count the votes decide everything.
Joseph Stalin
"To say that the [Bush-Cheney] secret presidency is undemocratic is an understatement. I'm anything but skittish about government, but I must say this administration is truly scary and, given the times we live in, frighteningly dangerous."
- former Nixon White House counsel JOHN DEAN |
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